Answer:
1. A columnar transposition does a row-column transpose (see below). Calculate the ciphertext value for the following: Word is twowitchestwowatches, Key is INKWELL
Additional information:
The following is taken from http://practicalcryptography.com/ciphers/columnar-transposition-cipher/. First we use a key, such as "GERMAN", and where the number of columns will be equal to the key length (in this case we have six columns). Let's start with a message of: defend the east wall of the castle We then write the message with the key word in the first row: G E R M A N d e f e n d t h e e a s t w a l l o f t h e c a s t l e and then arrange alphabetically for the key word: A E G M N R n e d e d f a h t e s e l w t l o a c t f e a h t s e l and then read the cipher from the columns down: NALCEHWTTDTTFSEELEEDSOAFEAHL
Ans: IWETHAOSCTOSCWWETWTH